See werk on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "werk",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English werk (noun)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The LGBT slang usage is very recent and in essence an orthographical variant. It is independent from the far older and long-obsolete alternative form which derived directly from Middle English werk (noun) and werken, variant of worchen (verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "werked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "werked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "werk (third-person singular simple present werks, present participle werking, simple past and past participle werked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "work"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of work."
],
"id": "en-werk-en-verb-W2Am7EAY",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of work."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "work"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English eye dialect",
"parents": [],
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{
"kind": "other",
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"name": "LGBTQ",
"orig": "en:LGBTQ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"text": "Werk it, bitch!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of work."
],
"id": "en-werk-en-verb-W2Am7EAY1",
"links": [
[
"LGBTQ",
"LGBTQ"
],
[
"eye dialect",
"eye dialect"
],
[
"work",
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]
],
"qualifier": "LGBTQ slang or eye dialect; 4chan slang; LGBTQ slang or eye dialect; 4chan slang",
"raw_glosses": [
"(LGBTQ slang or eye dialect, 4chan slang) Alternative form of work."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "werk",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English werk (noun)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The LGBT slang usage is very recent and in essence an orthographical variant. It is independent from the far older and long-obsolete alternative form which derived directly from Middle English werk (noun) and werken, variant of worchen (verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "werk (countable and uncountable, plural werks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "work"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of work."
],
"id": "en-werk-en-noun-W2Am7EAY",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of work."
],
"tags": [
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"alternative",
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "work"
}
],
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{
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"name": "English eye dialect",
"parents": [],
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{
"kind": "other",
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"orig": "en:LGBTQ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 43 9 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of work."
],
"id": "en-werk-en-noun-W2Am7EAY1",
"links": [
[
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"LGBTQ"
],
[
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"eye dialect"
],
[
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],
"qualifier": "LGBTQ slang or eye dialect",
"raw_glosses": [
"(LGBTQ slang or eye dialect) Alternative form of work."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "werk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wérǵom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch werk, from Old Dutch *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werke",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "werkie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "werke",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werke, diminutive werkie)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "werke",
"2": "werkie"
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werke, diminutive werkie)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "werkboek"
},
{
"word": "werkdier"
},
{
"word": "werktuig"
},
{
"word": "werkvloei"
},
{
"word": "werkwoord"
}
],
"glosses": [
"work"
],
"id": "en-werk-af-noun-AOE-169V",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɛːrk/"
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "werken"
},
"expansion": "Dutch werken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "werken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch werken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "wirken, wirkon",
"4": "",
"5": "to work, make"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch wirken, wirkon (“to work, make”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wirkijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to work, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną (“to work, make”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-, *wreǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to work, act"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-, *wreǵ- (“to work, act”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch werken, from Middle Dutch werken, from Old Dutch wirken, wirkon (“to work, make”), from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną (“to work, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-, *wreǵ- (“to work, act”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werk",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "werkende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gewerk",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "werk (present werk, present participle werkende, past participle gewerk)",
"name": "af-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work"
],
"id": "en-werk-af-verb-HOHGnaBv",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "werker"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɛːrk/"
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aardewerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "au-pairwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "boekwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "breiwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "broddelwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "glaswerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "haakwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "huiswerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kantoorwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "knoeiwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kunstwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "liefdewerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "meesterwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "monnikenwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "naaiwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nachtwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nattevingerwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "paalwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "papierwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "proefwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prutswerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "raamwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schoolwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schuurwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "smoelwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "smokwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stukwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "teamwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thuiswerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vakwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "waterwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkadres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkauto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkbaas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkbesparing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkbroek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkduur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkgever"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkkamer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkkledij"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkkleding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkloos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkmeester"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werknemer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkonderbreking"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkongeval"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkschema"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkschuw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkverbod"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkvergadering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkvoorziening"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkweigeraar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkweigering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zilverwerk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yeyi",
"lang_code": "yey",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bbérìk-á"
}
],
"lang": "Tswana",
"lang_code": "tn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bereke"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "Skepi Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "skw",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "werek"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wéíki"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "werc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch werc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wérǵom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch werc, from Old Dutch *werk, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "werk n (plural werken, diminutive werkje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"werk"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werken"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"english": "This will require much work.",
"text": "Dit gaat veel werk vereisen.",
"translation": "This will require much work.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "The labors of Heracles are world-famous.",
"text": "De werken van Herakles zijn wereldberoemd.",
"translation": "The labors of Heracles are world-famous.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"work, labor"
],
"id": "en-werk-nl-noun-QdcHBrs5",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arbeid"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 11 0 1 0 18 18 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 4 10 1 0 0 3 17 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 1 6 1 32 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
33
]
],
"english": "He is proud of his new profession as a teacher.",
"text": "Hij is trots op zijn nieuwe werk als leraar.",
"translation": "He is proud of his new profession as a teacher.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
29
]
],
"english": "After working in the same job for years, she decided to make a career switch.",
"text": "Na jaren hetzelfde werk te hebben gedaan, besloot ze een carrièreswitch te maken.",
"translation": "After working in the same job for years, she decided to make a career switch.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
29
]
],
"english": "She is looking for employment in the IT sector.",
"text": "Zij is op zoek naar werk in de IT-sector.",
"translation": "She is looking for employment in the IT sector.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"profession, job, employment, line of work"
],
"id": "en-werk-nl-noun-Jr3ZMK0A",
"links": [
[
"profession",
"profession"
],
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
],
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
40,
49
]
],
"english": "The air conditioning seldom works at my workplace.",
"text": "Op mijn werk werkt de airco zelden.",
"translation": "The air conditioning seldom works at my workplace.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"workplace"
],
"id": "en-werk-nl-noun-gzZkmSmX",
"links": [
[
"workplace",
"workplace"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"english": "The poetic works of Homer form the basis of Ancient Greek literature.",
"text": "De dichterlijke werken van Homerus vormen de basis van de Oudgriekse literatuur.",
"translation": "The poetic works of Homer form the basis of Ancient Greek literature.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"english": "The artist has exhibited many works in the gallery.",
"text": "De kunstenaar heeft veel werken tentoongesteld in de galerij.",
"translation": "The artist has exhibited many works in the gallery.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"product, creation; production, output, result of work"
],
"id": "en-werk-nl-noun-tSPrTfJ0",
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"output",
"output"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"tow, oakum"
],
"id": "en-werk-nl-noun-4~Z~Syor",
"links": [
[
"tow",
"tow#Etymology_2"
],
[
"oakum",
"oakum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) tow, oakum"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hede"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɛrk/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-werk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Nl-werk.ogg/Nl-werk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Nl-werk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrk"
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "werk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"werk"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 9 1 2 1 15 15 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 2 1 3 9 1 1 1 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 11 0 1 0 18 18 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 4 10 1 0 0 3 17 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 1 6 1 32 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "werken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of werken:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-werk-nl-verb-jAMf4iIi",
"links": [
[
"werken",
"werken#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 9 1 2 1 15 15 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 2 1 3 9 1 1 1 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 11 0 1 0 18 18 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 4 10 1 0 0 3 17 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 1 6 1 32 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "werken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of werken:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-werk-nl-verb-RS4OYS2O",
"links": [
[
"werken",
"werken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of werken:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "werken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of werken:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-werk-nl-verb-3dG-R1jK",
"links": [
[
"werken",
"werken#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɛrk/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-werk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Nl-werk.ogg/Nl-werk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Nl-werk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrk"
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "wark"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "work"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "work"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "woork"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:weorc<id:work>",
"id": "work",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *werǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *wérǵom\nProto-Germanic *werką\nProto-West Germanic *werk\nOld English weorc\nMiddle English werk\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werką\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werk\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"weorc\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"werk\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"work\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"werk\" id=\"Middle_English:_work\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "weorc"
},
"expansion": "Old English weorc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wérǵom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *werǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *wérǵom\nProto-Germanic *werką\nProto-West Germanic *werk\nOld English weorc\nMiddle English werk\nFrom Old English weorc, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom; compare worchen.\nForms with /u/ are originally due to the late West Saxon Old English change of /we͜or/ to /wyr/ (which then develops further to /wur/), but are reinforced by the influence of worchen. The influence of that verb and its alternative forms also explains occasional forms with /i/ or /t͡ʃ/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werkes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weork",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werck",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wirk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werrc",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "weorrc",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "warc",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wark",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "warke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "werke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wirche",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wirke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "worc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "worch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "work",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wurch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "werk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "werkes"
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werkes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hondwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hondywerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werkman"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
93,
99
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
102,
107
]
],
"english": "But those who practice the precepts that Holy Scripture teaches / and finish [life] with praiseworthy deeds, as I previously said, / can be certain that their souls will [ascend] to Heaven.",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, verso, column 1; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Ac heo þat woꝛchen þᵗ woꝛd. þat holi writ techeþ. / And endeþ as Ich er ſeide. in ꝓfitable werkes. / Mouwen be siker þat heoꝛe ſoules. ſchullẽ to heuene.",
"translation": "But those who practice the precepts that Holy Scripture teaches / and finish [life] with praiseworthy deeds, as I previously said, / can be certain that their souls will [ascend] to Heaven.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done"
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-cGeQXl5i",
"links": [
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"done",
"done"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done:",
"A task, duty, or service; an assigned action."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-vlY6Cxw0",
"links": [
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"done",
"done"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"duty",
"duty"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"assign",
"assign"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done:",
"A function or purpose; an appropriate act."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-N8XQ8PQ0",
"links": [
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"done",
"done"
],
[
"function",
"function"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
],
[
"appropriate",
"appropriate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done:",
"(rare) A function or purpose; an appropriate act."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"Adornment, detail; that which decorates."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-59XQRKv~",
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"Adornment",
"adornment"
],
[
"detail",
"detail"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"decorate",
"decorate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 10 28 4 7 4 7 17 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"A building or structure; something constructed."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-JzkhBJLt",
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"building",
"building"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"construct",
"construct"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Literature",
"orig": "enm:Literature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 11 0 46 0 0 7 34 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "enm:Music",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 11 11 24 11 8 13 15 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Work",
"orig": "enm:Work",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"A work of literature, music, or scholarship."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-8Oi2pKGj",
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"scholarship",
"scholarship"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Alchemy",
"orig": "enm:Alchemy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occult",
"orig": "enm:Occult",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"A method, skill, or technique."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-wOs0nhT3",
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"occult",
"occult"
],
[
"method",
"method"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"technique",
"technique"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"(alchemy or occult) A method, skill, or technique."
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"occult",
"philosophy",
"pseudoscience",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Marital congress may be used and done … without being sinful.",
"roman": "The work of matremony may be ussit and don... without anny Syn",
"text": "1422, James Yonge (translator), Secretum Secretorum",
"translation": "Marital congress may be used and done … without being sinful.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental)"
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-gUqFoufo",
"links": [
[
"Effort",
"effort"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"mental",
"mental#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental):"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental):",
"One's job or occupation; what one does for a living."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-lA8cZuYT",
"links": [
[
"Effort",
"effort"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"mental",
"mental#English"
],
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation"
],
[
"one",
"one"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 8 6 12 6 6 12 6 6 24 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 6 13 5 7 9 6 7 25 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 5 12 5 5 10 5 7 30 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 7 12 6 6 14 4 7 24 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 5 15 5 4 7 5 8 28 5 2 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 13 5 5 12 5 9 22 10 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Crafts",
"orig": "enm:Crafts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental):",
"Maintenance, upkeep; keeping in good condition."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-D5d0s3FQ",
"links": [
[
"Effort",
"effort"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"mental",
"mental#English"
],
[
"Maintenance",
"maintenance"
],
[
"upkeep",
"upkeep"
],
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 6 8 10 10 10 26 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Manufacturing",
"orig": "enm:Manufacturing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental):",
"Manufacture or craftsmanship; means of construction."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-S7aNi1Kp",
"links": [
[
"Effort",
"effort"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"mental",
"mental#English"
],
[
"Manufacture",
"manufacture"
],
[
"craftsmanship",
"craftsmanship"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Trouble, difficulty."
],
"id": "en-werk-enm-noun-uN64Y10g",
"links": [
[
"Trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɛrk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wark/",
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wurk/",
"note": "mainly Essex, Gloucestershire, Southern"
},
{
"ipa": "/wirk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɛrt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wirt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wurt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "werk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką",
"t": "work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką (“work”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wérǵom",
"t": "work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom (“work”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-",
"t": "to make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian werk, wirk, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką (“work”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom (“work”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "werk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Föhr-Amrum North Frisian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "North Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"work"
],
"id": "en-werk-frr-noun-AOE-169V",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Föhr-Amrum) work"
],
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Wark"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Werk"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Woakj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Wark"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Werk"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Woakj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werk",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *werk, whence also Old High German werc, Old Norse verk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkō",
"links": [
[
"werkō",
"werko#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "werk n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "werk n",
"name": "osx-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "werk"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-n"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"work"
],
"id": "en-werk-osx-noun-AOE-169V",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Werk"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Werk",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "wërc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German wërc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "werc"
},
"expansion": "Old High German werc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wérǵom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wiersza",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "fishing basket"
},
"expansion": "doublet of wiersza (“fishing basket”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Werk, from Middle High German wërc, from Old High German werc, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom. Possibly a doublet of wiersza (“fishing basket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "werk m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"werk"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"werk"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "werkmajster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "werkmistrz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"clockwork"
],
"id": "en-werk-pl-noun--uoWOZpm",
"links": [
[
"clockwork",
"clockwork"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) clockwork"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mechanizm zegarka"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Engineering",
"orig": "pl:Engineering",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mechanism"
],
"id": "en-werk-pl-noun-PerCjB52",
"links": [
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(engineering, obsolete) mechanism"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mechanizm"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cinematography",
"orig": "pl:Cinematography",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 9 1 2 1 15 15 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 2 1 3 9 1 1 1 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 11 0 1 0 18 18 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 4 10 1 0 0 3 17 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 29 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 30 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 34 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 14 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 18 70",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Clocks",
"orig": "pl:Clocks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"photo documenting the film set"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "zdjęcie"
}
],
"id": "en-werk-pl-noun-FwPCW2C3",
"links": [
[
"cinematography",
"cinematography"
],
[
"photo",
"photo"
],
[
"film set",
"film set"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cinematography) photo documenting the film set"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"broadcasting",
"cinematography",
"film",
"media",
"television"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛrk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrk"
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "werkis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "werkis",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werkis)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "werkis"
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werkis)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "work",
"word": "wirk"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"obsolete form of wirk (“work”)"
],
"id": "en-werk-sco-noun-I8MTqC2I",
"links": [
[
"wirk",
"wirk#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "work"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "work"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "work"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "weorc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "work"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "work"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "work"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "worc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Föhr-Amrum",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wierk"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "wurk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Föhr-Amrum",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wierk"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "wurk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "wirk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Wark"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Woakj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Wark"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Woakj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yeyi",
"lang_code": "yey",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bbérìk-á"
}
],
"lang": "Tswana",
"lang_code": "tn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bereke"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "Skepi Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "skw",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "werek"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wéíki"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "werc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "werc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werk"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Wierk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "wërc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wërk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werk"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Wierk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "wërc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wërc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werk"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Wierk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "wërc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wërch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werk"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Wierk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "wërc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wërh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werk"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Wierk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "wërc"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wërah"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*werką<id:work>",
"id": "work"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werką\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werk\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"work\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*werk\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_work\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką",
"id": "work",
"t": "work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką (“work”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *werką (“work”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*werk n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/werk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wirkijan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"work"
],
"id": "en-werk-gmw-pro-noun-AOE-169V",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wirkī"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wurkī"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wäierk"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wíerk"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "wurk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*werk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wäierk"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Wíerk"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "wurk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*wirk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "værk"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "værk"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wark"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*werk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "warq"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "werc"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*werk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werich"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "werh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werich"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "werah"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werich"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "werc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Werg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "werich"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*werką<id:rope>",
"id": "rope"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werk\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"rope\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*werk\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_rope\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką",
"id": "rope",
"t": "rope"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką (“rope”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *werką (“rope”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*werk n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/werk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rope"
],
"id": "en-werk-gmw-pro-noun-~k1Vuf-l",
"links": [
[
"rope",
"rope"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rope material (e.g. flax, hemp, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-werk-gmw-pro-noun-n-AxaghJ",
"links": [
[
"material",
"material"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "werkboek"
},
{
"word": "werkdier"
},
{
"word": "werktuig"
},
{
"word": "werkvloei"
},
{
"word": "werkwoord"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "werk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wérǵom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch werk, from Old Dutch *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werke",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "werkie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "werke",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werke, diminutive werkie)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "werke",
"2": "werkie"
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werke, diminutive werkie)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"work"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɛːrk/"
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "werken"
},
"expansion": "Dutch werken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "werken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch werken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "wirken, wirkon",
"4": "",
"5": "to work, make"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch wirken, wirkon (“to work, make”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wirkijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to work, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną (“to work, make”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-, *wreǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to work, act"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-, *wreǵ- (“to work, act”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch werken, from Middle Dutch werken, from Old Dutch wirken, wirkon (“to work, make”), from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną (“to work, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-, *wreǵ- (“to work, act”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werk",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "werkende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gewerk",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "werk (present werk, present participle werkende, past participle gewerk)",
"name": "af-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "werker"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to work"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɛːrk/"
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrk",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrk/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aardewerk"
},
{
"word": "au-pairwerk"
},
{
"word": "boekwerk"
},
{
"word": "breiwerk"
},
{
"word": "broddelwerk"
},
{
"word": "glaswerk"
},
{
"word": "haakwerk"
},
{
"word": "huiswerk"
},
{
"word": "kantoorwerk"
},
{
"word": "knoeiwerk"
},
{
"word": "kunstwerk"
},
{
"word": "liefdewerk"
},
{
"word": "meesterwerk"
},
{
"word": "monnikenwerk"
},
{
"word": "naaiwerk"
},
{
"word": "nachtwerk"
},
{
"word": "nattevingerwerk"
},
{
"word": "paalwerk"
},
{
"word": "papierwerk"
},
{
"word": "proefwerk"
},
{
"word": "prutswerk"
},
{
"word": "raamwerk"
},
{
"word": "schoolwerk"
},
{
"word": "schuurwerk"
},
{
"word": "smoelwerk"
},
{
"word": "smokwerk"
},
{
"word": "stukwerk"
},
{
"word": "teamwerk"
},
{
"word": "thuiswerk"
},
{
"word": "vakwerk"
},
{
"word": "waterwerk"
},
{
"word": "werkadres"
},
{
"word": "werkauto"
},
{
"word": "werkbaas"
},
{
"word": "werkbesparing"
},
{
"word": "werkbroek"
},
{
"word": "werkduur"
},
{
"word": "werkgever"
},
{
"word": "werkkamer"
},
{
"word": "werkkledij"
},
{
"word": "werkkleding"
},
{
"word": "werkloos"
},
{
"word": "werkmeester"
},
{
"word": "werknemer"
},
{
"word": "werkonderbreking"
},
{
"word": "werkongeval"
},
{
"word": "werkschema"
},
{
"word": "werkschuw"
},
{
"word": "werkverbod"
},
{
"word": "werkvergadering"
},
{
"word": "werkvoorziening"
},
{
"word": "werkweigeraar"
},
{
"word": "werkweigering"
},
{
"word": "zilverwerk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yeyi",
"lang_code": "yey",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bbérìk-á"
}
],
"lang": "Tswana",
"lang_code": "tn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bereke"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "werk"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "Skepi Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "skw",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "werek"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wéíki"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "werc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch werc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
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{
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"3": "*wérǵom"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch werc, from Old Dutch *werk, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
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"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
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}
],
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]
}
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"word": "werken"
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{
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"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
27
]
],
"english": "This will require much work.",
"text": "Dit gaat veel werk vereisen.",
"translation": "This will require much work.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"english": "The labors of Heracles are world-famous.",
"text": "De werken van Herakles zijn wereldberoemd.",
"translation": "The labors of Heracles are world-famous.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"work, labor"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arbeid"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
33
]
],
"english": "He is proud of his new profession as a teacher.",
"text": "Hij is trots op zijn nieuwe werk als leraar.",
"translation": "He is proud of his new profession as a teacher.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
29
]
],
"english": "After working in the same job for years, she decided to make a career switch.",
"text": "Na jaren hetzelfde werk te hebben gedaan, besloot ze een carrièreswitch te maken.",
"translation": "After working in the same job for years, she decided to make a career switch.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
29
]
],
"english": "She is looking for employment in the IT sector.",
"text": "Zij is op zoek naar werk in de IT-sector.",
"translation": "She is looking for employment in the IT sector.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"profession, job, employment, line of work"
],
"links": [
[
"profession",
"profession"
],
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
],
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
40,
49
]
],
"english": "The air conditioning seldom works at my workplace.",
"text": "Op mijn werk werkt de airco zelden.",
"translation": "The air conditioning seldom works at my workplace.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"workplace"
],
"links": [
[
"workplace",
"workplace"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"english": "The poetic works of Homer form the basis of Ancient Greek literature.",
"text": "De dichterlijke werken van Homerus vormen de basis van de Oudgriekse literatuur.",
"translation": "The poetic works of Homer form the basis of Ancient Greek literature.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"english": "The artist has exhibited many works in the gallery.",
"text": "De kunstenaar heeft veel werken tentoongesteld in de galerij.",
"translation": "The artist has exhibited many works in the gallery.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"product, creation; production, output, result of work"
],
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"output",
"output"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"tow, oakum"
],
"links": [
[
"tow",
"tow#Etymology_2"
],
[
"oakum",
"oakum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) tow, oakum"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hede"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɛrk/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-werk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Nl-werk.ogg/Nl-werk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Nl-werk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrk"
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
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"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
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"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrk/1 syllable"
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"etymology_templates": [
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"name": "nonlemma"
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "werk",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
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"werk"
]
}
],
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"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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"word": "werken"
}
],
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"first-person singular present indicative"
],
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"werken#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
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},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "werken"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"werken",
"werken#Dutch"
]
],
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"inflection of werken:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
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],
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"indicative",
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"second-person",
"singular"
]
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{
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"word": "werken"
}
],
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"imperative"
],
"links": [
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"werken#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
{
"audio": "Nl-werk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Nl-werk.ogg/Nl-werk.ogg.mp3",
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{
"rhymes": "-ɛrk"
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
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"3": "werk",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English werk (noun)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The LGBT slang usage is very recent and in essence an orthographical variant. It is independent from the far older and long-obsolete alternative form which derived directly from Middle English werk (noun) and werken, variant of worchen (verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werks",
"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werking",
"tags": [
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"present"
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},
{
"form": "werked",
"tags": [
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"past"
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},
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"form": "werked",
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}
],
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"name": "en-verb"
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
"word": "work"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of work."
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of work."
],
"tags": [
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"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "work"
}
],
"categories": [
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"English eye dialect",
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:LGBTQ"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
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]
],
"text": "Werk it, bitch!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of work."
],
"links": [
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"LGBTQ"
],
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"eye dialect"
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"qualifier": "LGBTQ slang or eye dialect; 4chan slang; LGBTQ slang or eye dialect; 4chan slang",
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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"3": "werk",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English werk (noun)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The LGBT slang usage is very recent and in essence an orthographical variant. It is independent from the far older and long-obsolete alternative form which derived directly from Middle English werk (noun) and werken, variant of worchen (verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "werk (countable and uncountable, plural werks)",
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}
],
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"word": "work"
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],
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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]
],
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"(obsolete) Alternative form of work."
],
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"obsolete",
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]
},
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"glosses": [
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"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
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"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 8 entries",
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"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Buildings and structures",
"enm:Crafts",
"enm:Literature",
"enm:Manufacturing",
"enm:Music",
"enm:Work"
],
"descendants": [
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"descendants": [
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"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "wark"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "work"
},
{
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"word": "wark"
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],
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},
{
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"lang_code": "sco",
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],
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"word": "werk"
},
{
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"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
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"word": "work"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
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}
],
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"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:weorc<id:work>",
"id": "work",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *werǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *wérǵom\nProto-Germanic *werką\nProto-West Germanic *werk\nOld English weorc\nMiddle English werk\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werką\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werk\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"weorc\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"werk\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"work\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"werk\" id=\"Middle_English:_work\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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"2": "ang",
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{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
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{
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},
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{
"args": {
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"3": "*wérǵom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *werǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *wérǵom\nProto-Germanic *werką\nProto-West Germanic *werk\nOld English weorc\nMiddle English werk\nFrom Old English weorc, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom; compare worchen.\nForms with /u/ are originally due to the late West Saxon Old English change of /we͜or/ to /wyr/ (which then develops further to /wur/), but are reinforced by the influence of worchen. The influence of that verb and its alternative forms also explains occasional forms with /i/ or /t͡ʃ/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "werkes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weork",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werck",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wirk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werrc",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "weorrc",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "warc",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wark",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "warke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "werke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wirche",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wirke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "worc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "worch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "work",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wurch",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "werk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "werkes"
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werkes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "hondwerk"
},
{
"word": "hondywerk"
},
{
"word": "werkman"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
93,
99
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
102,
107
]
],
"english": "But those who practice the precepts that Holy Scripture teaches / and finish [life] with praiseworthy deeds, as I previously said, / can be certain that their souls will [ascend] to Heaven.",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, verso, column 1; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Ac heo þat woꝛchen þᵗ woꝛd. þat holi writ techeþ. / And endeþ as Ich er ſeide. in ꝓfitable werkes. / Mouwen be siker þat heoꝛe ſoules. ſchullẽ to heuene.",
"translation": "But those who practice the precepts that Holy Scripture teaches / and finish [life] with praiseworthy deeds, as I previously said, / can be certain that their souls will [ascend] to Heaven.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done"
],
"links": [
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"done",
"done"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done:",
"A task, duty, or service; an assigned action."
],
"links": [
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"done",
"done"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"duty",
"duty"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"assign",
"assign"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done:",
"A function or purpose; an appropriate act."
],
"links": [
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"deed",
"deed"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"done",
"done"
],
[
"function",
"function"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
],
[
"appropriate",
"appropriate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An action or deed; something accomplished or done:",
"(rare) A function or purpose; an appropriate act."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"Adornment, detail; that which decorates."
],
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"Adornment",
"adornment"
],
[
"detail",
"detail"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"decorate",
"decorate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"A building or structure; something constructed."
],
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"building",
"building"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"construct",
"construct"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"A work of literature, music, or scholarship."
],
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"scholarship",
"scholarship"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Alchemy",
"enm:Occult"
],
"glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"A method, skill, or technique."
],
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"alchemy",
"alchemy"
],
[
"occult",
"occult"
],
[
"method",
"method"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"technique",
"technique"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A product or creation; the result of work:",
"(alchemy or occult) A method, skill, or technique."
],
"topics": [
"alchemy",
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"occult",
"philosophy",
"pseudoscience",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Marital congress may be used and done … without being sinful.",
"roman": "The work of matremony may be ussit and don... without anny Syn",
"text": "1422, James Yonge (translator), Secretum Secretorum",
"translation": "Marital congress may be used and done … without being sinful.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental)"
],
"links": [
[
"Effort",
"effort"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"mental",
"mental#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental):"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental):",
"One's job or occupation; what one does for a living."
],
"links": [
[
"Effort",
"effort"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"mental",
"mental#English"
],
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation"
],
[
"one",
"one"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental):",
"Maintenance, upkeep; keeping in good condition."
],
"links": [
[
"Effort",
"effort"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"mental",
"mental#English"
],
[
"Maintenance",
"maintenance"
],
[
"upkeep",
"upkeep"
],
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"Effort or activity (whether physical or mental):",
"Manufacture or craftsmanship; means of construction."
],
"links": [
[
"Effort",
"effort"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#English"
],
[
"mental",
"mental#English"
],
[
"Manufacture",
"manufacture"
],
[
"craftsmanship",
"craftsmanship"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Trouble, difficulty."
],
"links": [
[
"Trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɛrk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wark/",
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wurk/",
"note": "mainly Essex, Gloucestershire, Southern"
},
{
"ipa": "/wirk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɛrt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wirt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wurt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "werk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką",
"t": "work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką (“work”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wérǵom",
"t": "work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom (“work”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-",
"t": "to make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian werk, wirk, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką (“work”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom (“work”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "werk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Föhr-Amrum North Frisian",
"North Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"North Frisian lemmas",
"North Frisian nouns",
"North Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"North Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"work"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Föhr-Amrum) work"
],
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Wark"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Werk"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Woakj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Wark"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Werk"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Woakj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "werk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werk",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *werk, whence also Old High German werc, Old Norse verk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkō",
"links": [
[
"werkō",
"werko#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "werk n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "werk n",
"name": "osx-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "werk"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-n"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon a-stem nouns",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon neuter nouns",
"Old Saxon nouns",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"work"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛrk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛrk/1 syllable",
"pl:Clocks"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Werk"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Werk",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "wërc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German wërc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "werc"
},
"expansion": "Old High German werc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*werk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *werk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*werką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *werką",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wérǵom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wiersza",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "fishing basket"
},
"expansion": "doublet of wiersza (“fishing basket”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Werk, from Middle High German wërc, from Old High German werc, from Proto-West Germanic *werk, from Proto-Germanic *werką, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom. Possibly a doublet of wiersza (“fishing basket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "werk m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"werk"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"werk"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "werkmajster"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "werkmistrz"
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],
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"clockwork"
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{
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"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*werk n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/werk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rope"
],
"links": [
[
"rope",
"rope"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rope material (e.g. flax, hemp, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"material",
"material"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "werkis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "werkis",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werkis)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "werkis"
},
"expansion": "werk (plural werkis)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "work",
"word": "wirk"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"obsolete form of wirk (“work”)"
],
"links": [
[
"wirk",
"wirk#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "werk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for werk meaning in All languages combined (51.3kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''An action or deed; something a'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"werk"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "werk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''Effort or activity (whether ph'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"werk"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "werk",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.